Know the law

• U.S. National Park Service land: removing plants is generally prohibited (36 CFR 2.1) — some parks allow limited berry/mushroom gathering; check each park's compendium.
• National forests and BLM land: personal-use foraging is often allowed within limits, but permits may be required and commercial harvest always needs one.
• State parks, nature preserves, and tribal lands: rules vary widely and are often stricter — many ban foraging outright. Tribal lands require tribal permission.
• Private land: always get the owner's permission first.
• Some species are legally protected regardless of land: American ginseng (CITES Appendix II, state permits), saguaro (Arizona — permits and tribal protocols). When in doubt, check your state's department of natural resources.

Laws change and vary by jurisdiction — verify current rules with your state's department of natural resources or the managing agency before you harvest.